Date | Activity |
May 18, 1964 | Barotseland Agreement 1964 signed by Sir Mwanawina III, Litunga of Barotseland; Kenneth Kaunda, Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia and Duncan Sandys, Her Majesty’s Principal Secretary for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies, to form the foundation of Zambia independence.
“The Government of the Republic of Zambia shall take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that the laws for the time being in force in the Republic are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement.” |
October 24, 1964 | Barotseland and Northern Rhodesia attain independence as Unitary State called Zambia. Barotseland to retain her governance system. |
October 1965 | Kenneth Kaunda unilaterally enacts Zambia Local Government Act No. 69 of 1965 by which he takes away the powers and privileges of the Litunga of Barotseland. |
October 1965 | Forceful takeover of the Barotse Treasury amounting to over £78 million and other assets by the Government of Zambia and withdrawal of salaries and allowances payable to members of the Barotse National Government. |
November 1965 | Sikota Wina, Minister of Local Government publishes a statutory instrument abolishing the Barotse National Council and sets up the five-district councils in Barotseland and announces the names of the nominated members. |
August 1969 | Kenneth Kaunda makes a unilateral declaration changing the name of Barotseland to Western Province thereby reducing the territory to a mere province of Zambia. |
October 15 1969 | Following a prejudiced referendum, Kenneth Kaunda unilaterally terminates the Barotseland Agreement 1964, despite protests by lawmakers from the constituencies of Barotseland. |
September-November 1969 | Ngambela Imwaka, Francis Suu, Lipalile and Muyangwa with the support of Litunga Mbikusita petition Kenneth Kaunda to drop the 1969 Ammendment bill without success. Instead the government of Zambia reacts by mass arrests of the activists who demanded the repeal of the 1969 Amendment Act. Among the activists who were detained were Lisulo Mucanza, Kuwabo Kaunda, Henry Mulopo and Crispin Mwendabai. |
1970 | Western Province (Land and Miscellaneous provisions) Act no.47 of 1970 effectively removes the residual powers of the Litunga over control of land and natural resources by government of Zambia
“All land in the Western Province is hereby vested in the president as a Reserve within the meaning of and under the Zambia (State Lands and Reserves) orders 1928 to 1964”. |
December 1992 | Birth of the Barotse Cultural Association (BCA) and intensified calls for restoration of the Barotseland Agreement 1964.
BCA organises information open day for Barotseland at Mulungushi International Conference Centre, Lusaka. |
August 18, 1993 | Declaration of the Barotseland Agreement 1964 as “statute stale due to passage of time” by government of Zambia – Brigadier Godfrey Miyanda |
October 23, 2010 | Protest by Barotse youths against Zambia’s independence celebrations in Barotseland |
January 14, 2011 | Unprovoked killings, arrests and disapperances of Barotse activists by Zambia Police. |
October 6, 2011 | Rodger Chongwe Commission of Inquiry into the supposed Mongu Riots of January 14, 2011 appointed by President Michael Sata |
March 26-27, 2012 | Barotse National Council held in Limulunga and acceptance of the repudiation of the Barotseland Agreement 1964 by the Zambia government |
March 27, 2012 | Declaration of Barotseland independence by the Barotse National Council. |
May 18, 2012 | The Barotse National Freedom Alliance (BNFA), founded as an umbrella organisation comprising Barotse Imilemas, Barotse Freedom Movement, Movement for the Restoration of the Barotseland Agreement, Linyungandambo and Barotse National Youth League. |
August 17, 2012 | BNFA files a complaint with the African Commission on Human & People’s Rights in Banjul, Gabon – Communication 429/12—the Ngambela of Barotseland and Others vs The Republic of Zambiaover Zambia government occupation of Barotseland. |
September 10, 2013 | Arrest of 12 Barotse activists for tearing 500 copies of the draft Zambia Constitution in protest against the proposed reduction of the status of the Litunga and the inclusion of Barotseland as part of Zambia. |
September 24, 2013 | Wainyae C Sinyinda, BNFA leader, and 83 other activists arrested by Zambia police |
November 23, 2013 | Barotseland (represented by BNFA) admitted to the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) membership and classification of Barotseland as an occupied territorythrough represention. |
March 28, 2014 | President Sata challenged by BNFA to sign the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) submission agreement to allow peaceful resolution of Barotseland statehood in accordance with international law backed by over 10,000 signatures. BNFA is represented by Paris based lawyers Lazareff Le Bars and Geneva based Aceris Law. |
April 8, 2014 | Zambian government (represented by Wynter Kabimba) questions the authority of BNFA to challenge the unitary nature of Zambia. |
December 6, 2014 | Afumba Mombotwa and three others arrested and subsequently charged, convicted and sentenced to 15 years for treason felony |
January 26 and June 11, 2015 | BNFA challenge President Edgar Lungu to sign the Permanent Court of Arbitration Submission Agreement to allow for peaceful resolution of the Barotseland impasse. Lungu has not responded to the dispute. |
July 27-August 7, 2015 | The African Commission on Human & People’s Rights declare that it was not competent to adjudicate Barotseland impasse but recommends that Barotseland can exercise self-determination and wonders why the Barotse continue participating in Zambia politics and governance. |
October 29, 2015 | Arrest of six Barotse youths for publicly displaying the UNPO flag. The flag is illegally confiscated. |
July 8, 2016 | BNFA transformed itself into a mass organization. Wanga and others break away. |
October 31, 2016 | BNFA files a complaint to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, Geneva over Zambia government continued occupation of Barotseland. |
October 10, 2017 | BNFA (represented by Mukwae Wabei) delivers a presentation to the 28th pre-session on the occasion of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), reporting to the world body at the United Nations on the human rights abuse of the Republic of Zambia against Barotseland. |
December 10, 2017 | BNFA participate at European Union International Human Rights Day at Southern Sun Hotel, Lusaka as a follow-up to the UPR. |
February 11, 2020 | Hon Clement Wainyae Sinyinda resigns as BNFA Chairperson General. |
February 20, 2020 | BNFA accepts the resignation of Hon. Clement Wainyae Sinyinda. |
March 9, 2020 | BNFA elects Diaspora Executive Chairperson (DEC) Mukwae Wabei Siyolwe as new Chairperson General of BNFA. |